Test site 2. Witbank - Dust Sampling
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The distribution of samples in Witbank area. |
Basic statistical parameters of chemical analysis of the samples, taken in February 2011 in South Africa. Number of samples is 46. Min – minimum value; P25 – 25th percentile value; M – arithmetical mean; GM – geometrical mean; Md – median value; P75 – 75th percentile; Max – maximum value; Std – standard deviation; Sk – skewness; Kurt – kurtosis; %R – average recovery rate (6 analysis of the standard material); RPD% – average relative percent difference (9 repetition of the analysis). Chemical analysis – ACME Analytical laboratories, Vancouver; total (4-acid) digestion, ICP-MS.
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Min | P25 | M | GM | Md | P75 | Max | Std | %R | RPD |
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Ca |
% |
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0.09 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 1.06 | 4.19 | 0.84 | 101 | 3 |
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P |
% |
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0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 95 | 4 |
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Ti |
% |
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0.25 | 0.62 | 1.04 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 1.18 | 4.50 | 0.75 | 94 | 4 |
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Al |
% |
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1.15 | 2.68 | 3.40 | 3.25 | 3.36 | 4.14 | 5.76 | 0.96 | 99 | 3 |
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Na |
% |
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0.01 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.08 | 96 | 3 |
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K |
% |
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0.10 | 0.31 | 0.52 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.71 | 1.20 | 0.27 | 98 | 1 |
|
Fe |
% |
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2.00 | 4.55 | 6.29 | 5.82 | 5.58 | 6.97 | 17.37 | 2.82 | 103 | 3 |
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Mg |
% |
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0.10 | 0.27 | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.77 | 2.04 | 0.41 | 98 | 2 |
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Mo |
mg/kg |
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1.00 | 1.90 | 2.83 | 2.48 | 2.45 | 3.10 | 12.50 | 1.97 | 100 | 10 |
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Cu |
mg/kg |
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13.8 | 44.9 | 73.2 | 63.0 | 58.4 | 79.3 | 300 | 50.6 | 95 | 13 |
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Pb |
mg/kg |
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10.8 | 42.5 | 89.3 | 62.8 | 57.9 | 81.1 | 835 | 126 | 98 | 16 |
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Zn |
mg/kg |
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32.0 | 99.0 | 222 | 162 | 150 | 257 | 1334 | 234 | 95 | 6 |
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Ni |
mg/kg |
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19.4 | 42.0 | 74.6 | 61.3 | 53.0 | 74.9 | 366 | 62.2 | 105 | 11 |
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Co |
mg/kg |
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7.1 | 18.1 | 24.2 | 22.5 | 23.2 | 26.7 | 63.9 | 9.9 | 105 | 3 |
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Mn |
mg/kg |
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610 | 1120 | 2260 | 1720 | 1440 | 2140 | 20000 | 2890 | 101 | 4 |
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As |
mg/kg |
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2.00 | 5.00 | 6.95 | 6.44 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 21.00 | 3.03 | 125 | 10 |
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U |
mg/kg |
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1.10 | 2.40 | 3.00 | 2.88 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 5.60 | 0.89 | 89 | 11 |
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Th |
mg/kg |
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4.1 | 11.1 | 14.7 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 39.1 | 6.6 | 102 | 11 |
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Sr |
mg/kg |
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14.0 | 44.0 | 66.8 | 59.0 | 57.5 | 81.0 | 204.0 | 35.3 | 96 | 5 |
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Cd |
mg/kg |
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0.10 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.90 | 0.18 | 50 | 34 |
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Sb |
mg/kg |
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0.30 | 0.90 | 1.88 | 1.51 | 1.50 | 2.40 | 7.20 | 1.37 | 74 | 18 |
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Bi |
mg/kg |
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0.10 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.20 | NA | 20 |
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V |
mg/kg |
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82 | 179 | 451 | 300 | 246 | 377 | 4400 | 681 | 102 | 4 |
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La |
mg/kg |
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10.1 | 21.5 | 30.4 | 28.2 | 29.0 | 34.3 | 77.5 | 13.0 | 106 | 5 |
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Cr |
mg/kg |
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299 | 991 | 5250 | 2700 | 3050 | 6360 | 43000 | 7560 | 95 | 8 |
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Ba |
mg/kg |
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55 | 201 | 318 | 270 | 260 | 400 | 1840 | 258 | 95 | 4 |
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W |
mg/kg |
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0.40 | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.60 | 2.40 | 0.47 | 83 | 17 |
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Zr |
mg/kg |
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58 | 120 | 145 | 139 | 130 | 167 | 258 | 45 | 99 | 9 |
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Ce |
mg/kg |
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27.0 | 59.0 | 85.0 | 78.0 | 76.0 | 102 | 185 | 37.2 | 99 | 6 |
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Sn |
mg/kg |
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1.80 | 3.00 | 5.48 | 4.68 | 4.40 | 7.20 | 18.5 | 3.38 | 99 | 28 |
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Y |
mg/kg |
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6.6 | 14.1 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 19.4 | 32.3 | 4.9 | 104 | 7 |
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Nb |
mg/kg |
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4.1 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 14.2 | 22.4 | 3.8 | 92 | 7 |
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Ta |
mg/kg |
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0.20 | 0.60 | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 1.50 | 0.24 | 106 | 16 |
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Be |
mg/kg |
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0.50 | 0.50 | 1.14 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.62 | NA | 50 |
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Sc |
mg/kg |
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3.00 | 6.00 | 7.24 | 6.97 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 15.0 | 2.09 | 88 | 3 |
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Li |
mg/kg |
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6.4 | 12.9 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 14.8 | 20.3 | 29.3 | 5.7 | 91 | 5 |
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Rb |
mg/kg |
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7.8 | 21.3 | 33.3 | 29.9 | 31.5 | 41.3 | 70.1 | 15.1 | 96 | 3 |
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Hf |
mg/kg |
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1.40 | 3.20 | 3.95 | 3.78 | 3.60 | 4.40 | 7.10 | 1.21 | 94 | 9 |
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Hg |
mg/kg |
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0.005 | 0.030 | 0.092 | 0.044 | 0.040 | 0.060 | 1.71 | 0.250 | 117 | 21 |
Table of factor loadings of selected elements concentrations of street dust samples in Witbank area. Varimax raw rotation of factors has been applied. Factor loadings, higher than 0.5 are marked. Expl.Var – eigenvalue; Prp. Totl – explained variance (%).
| Factor | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Th | 0,96 | -0,02 | 0,13 | 0,12 |
| Ce | 0,94 | 0,01 | 0,02 | 0,19 |
| La | 0,91 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,24 |
| U | 0,91 | 0,00 | 0,11 | 0,19 |
| Sb | -0,01 | 0,92 | 0,01 | 0,10 |
| Sn | 0,10 | 0,89 | 0,09 | -0,11 |
| Cu | 0,03 | 0,82 | -0,24 | 0,10 |
| Pb | 0,12 | 0,70 | -0,08 | 0,23 |
| Cr | -0,09 | 0,66 | -0,27 | -0,17 |
| Zn | -0,35 | 0,66 | -0,12 | 0,47 |
| Co | 0,06 | 0,27 | -0,86 | 0,07 |
| Fe | -0,12 | 0,05 | -0,82 | -0,18 |
| V | -0,36 | 0,10 | -0,77 | -0,07 |
| Mn | -0,28 | -0,13 | -0,74 | -0,11 |
| Sr | 0,07 | 0,14 | -0,09 | 0,88 |
| Li | 0,32 | 0,01 | 0,20 | 0,87 |
| Al | 0,43 | 0,02 | 0,02 | 0,83 |
| P | 0,27 | 0,15 | 0,33 | 0,72 |
| Sc | 0,19 | -0,09 | -0,57 | 0,63 |
| Expl.Var | 4,24 | 3,83 | 3,23 | 3,69 |
| Prp.Totl | 22 | 20 | 17 | 19 |
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The distribution of factor 1 scores. Factor 1 represents the impact of coal mining to the environment. |
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The distribution of factor 2 scores. Factor 2 represents the impact of traffic and population to the environment. |
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The distribution of factor 3 scores. Factor 3 represents the impact of metal smelting to the environment. |
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The distribution of factor 4 scores. Factor 4 represents the natural association of elements;
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The distribution of vanadium, typical element for Evraz Higveld steel & vanadium plant (large producer of vanadium).
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The distribution of chromium, typical element for Ferrobank area industry.
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The impact of traffic to the environment (use of leaded fuel) in the Witbank area. |
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The comparision of maximum values, detected in different areas (SA – Witbank area, 46 samples; CZ – Sokolov area,
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The range of influence of Evraz Highveld Steel & Vanadium plant, estimated according to the V and Mn concentrations
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